Brianna Watson, M.Eng, BA, BS
Nominated From: University of Minnesota
Research Site: Chiang Mai University
Research Area: Environmental health
Primary Mentor: Shailendra Prasad, MD, MPH, FAAFP
Research Project
Effects of PM2.5 Exposure on Endothelial Function in Elderly and Diabetic Populations
Air pollution is responsible for approximately one in eight deaths globally . Among various pollutants, fine particulate matter (PM2.5) has been strongly linked to endothelial injury and systemic inflammation, both of which contribute to cardiovascular disease . In upper northern Thailand, particularly Chiang Mai, PM2.5 levels are significantly elevated during the winter season (November to February), due to low wind speeds and temperatures, and during the dry season (March to May), due to high ambient temperatures . Given that the elderly and individuals with diabetes are particularly susceptible to cardiovascular complications, this study aims to investigate the association between seasonal PM2.5 exposure and endothelial dysfunction in this high-risk population . Chiang Mai, where 19.6% of the population was elderly in 2020, is projected to experience a 20% increase in elderly residents by 2025 . Additionally, diabetes affects approximately 1 in 11 Thai citizens over age 15, making it a pressing public health concern . This study will evaluate vascular health and systemic inflammation in elderly diabetic participants across seasons of varying PM2.5 exposure . By measuring the Ankle-Brachial Index (ABI), flow-mediated dilation (FMD), and inflammatory biomarkers (IL-6, C-reactive protein, TNF-alpha), the study aims to determine whether seasonal PM2.5 elevation exacerbates cardiovascular risk . Results may inform targeted public health interventions during high-exposure periods.
Research Significance
This project addresses a critical public health issue by exploring the relationship between PM2.5 exposure and both endothelial function and systemic inflammation in elderly diabetics residing in Chiang Mai, Thailand. Seasonal biomass burning causes significant spikes in air pollution, increasing the risk of adverse cardiovascular events in the population . Despite the urgency of this issue, little research has been conducted in Chiang Mai to explore its impact. Using a three-test approach, this study will shed light on how air pollution drives cardiovascular risk. These insights are essential for guiding healthcare providers and policymakers in developing timely, targeted public health interventions. The knowledge gained could lead to measurable reductions in cardiovascular events and improved quality of life for elderly individuals with diabetes in Chiang Mai and similar settings worldwide.
Mentors
