Philip Mwachaka, MBChB, MSc, MMed
Nominated From: University of Washington
Research Site:Kenyatta National Hospital
Research Area: Pediatric Neurosurgery, Neuro-oncology, Pediatric Brain Tumors
Primary Mentor: Sarah Leary
Research Project
Epidemiologic and Molecular Characterization of Pediatric Low-Grade Gliomas in Kenya
Brain tumors are the most common solid tumors in children and the leading cause of cancer deaths. Nearly half of pediatric brain tumors are gliomas. Low-middle-income countries (LMICs) have 90% of cancer-stricken children, yet less than 10% survive, compared to >80% survival in higher-income nations. Poor outcomes in LMICs could be associated with delays, inaccurate diagnoses, or inappropriate treatment. Due to these inequalities, the World Health Organization initiated the Global Initiative for Childhood Cancer (GICC) in 2018 to attain 60% pediatric cancer survival by 2030. The GICC designated pediatric low-grade gliomas (pLGG) as one of six index tumors that are highly curable with known therapies; thus, proper diagnosis and timely therapy should be prioritized to prevent death and morbidity. To accurately diagnose brain tumors, molecular profiling is needed. Data on Sub-Saharan African pLGG burden and outcomes is scarce. Molecular characterization of pLGG is likewise lacking. The molecular characterization of brain tumors aids in the accurate diagnosis, prognosis, and identification of candidates for targeted therapy. Kenya domesticated the GICC and created a rigorous monitoring, evaluation, accountability, and learning structure in its third national cancer control strategy plan (2023–2027). As the Kenya National Cancer Control Strategy 2023–2027 is implemented, a baseline investigation on pLGG epidemiology and molecular features would inform interventions. Therefore, this study seeks to describe the epidemiology and molecular characteristics of pLGG in Kenya to identify any significant associations with poor survival to advise policy and practice. These findings can inform future efforts to enhance diagnosis and treatment and ultimately improve survival.
Research Significance
This study is crucial for establishing a baseline understanding of pLGG in Kenya, which is essential for interpreting changes in tumor patterns and survival as national cancer control strategies are implemented. The findings will inform policy and practice, guiding future interventions to improve diagnosis, treatment, and ultimately, survival outcomes for children with pLGG in Kenya. By contributing to the global data on pediatric brain tumors, this study also supports broader efforts to address the profound inequalities in access to care and outcomes for childhood cancers in LMICs.
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